Quick Exit (ESC)

Glossary

Academic judgement

A decision that needs the opinion of an academic, like the grade given for an assignment

Accessible

Something easy to use or understand for everyone

Alternative dispute resolution

A way to solve conflicts with the help of a neutral person through conciliation or restorative engagement

Anonymous

When someone's real name or identity is not revealed

Appeal procedures

A step in a higher education provider's complaints process that allow a person to request a review of a decision if they believe it was incorrect or unfair

Assess

To carefully look at information provided in a complaint to understand the problem and decide what to do about it

Authority

The power or right to give orders, make decisions, or enforce rules

Case study

A real-life example of how a situation has been dealt with showing the steps taken to understand and resolve the problem

Coercive powers

The authority to compel or enforce individuals or organisations to provide information, documents, or testimony necessary for investigations and to ensure compliance with laws and regulations

Complaint

When someone reports they are dissatisfied or upset about the actions of an institution or individual

A complaint may also be referred to as a report, concern, or grievance.

Complaints officer

A person who responds to complaints, gathers information and works to resolve the issue fairly

Conciliation

A structured but flexible dispute resolution process where a neutral third party (the conciliator) assist parties in resolving disputes by:

  • facilitating communication
  • providing expert information
  • offering solutions aligned with policy requirements
  • supporting parties to reach a voluntary agreement

Confidential

Something kept private and not shared with a third party without consent

Consent

When a person gives permission or agrees to something

Their decision is informed, clear and explicit, and it is given voluntarily.

Course administration

The work of organising and managing a course, such as giving students accurate information and timely updates

Disability

Conditions that affect how a person performs daily activities or interacts with their environment

These can be physical, intellectual, psychiatric, sensory, neurological, or learning-related, and can be either permanent or temporary.

Disciplinary action

Action taken to correct someone's behaviour

Disclosure

The sharing of sensitive or private information, sometimes required by law, often in situations requiring trust or transparency

Discretion

Having the power to make decisions based on the information available

Discrimination

Treating someone less fairly than someone else, based on characteristics protected by law

These characteristics include age, disability, race, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, and intersex status.

Enforcement

Making sure that rules or laws are followed

Evidence

Information or documents related to a complaint, such as verbal evidence, emails, letters, forms, invoices, receipts, photos, or screenshots

Freedom of information

Legislation that gives everyone the right to request access to information held by federal government agencies, including documents about you, government policies, and decisions

Gender-based violence

Any form of physical or non-physical violence, harassment, abuse or threats, based on gender, that results in, or is likely to result in, harm, coercion, control, fear or deprivation of liberty or autonomy

Higher education provider

A university or other institution that offers higher education, also known as tertiary education

Human rights

The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, no matter who they are or where they come. from

Human rights ensure that everyone is treated fairly, can make their own choices, and can live without fear of discrimination or harm.

Impartial

Being fair and unbiased

Investigation

Formal use of our investigation powers under the Ombudsman Act 1976 to gather information, asking questions, and examining evidence to understand what happened in a provider's action complained about and assess whether the provider's actions were wrong

Jurisdiction

The power, authority or scope to hear and decide on a complaint

Liability

Being responsible for something, especially when it comes to legal or financial duties

Misconduct

Behaving in a way that is wrong or unacceptable, and breaks rules, laws, or ethical standards

Ombudsman

An ombudsman is an independent person who investigates and resolves complaints between parties. They are fair and impartial when considering complaints. The advantage of an ombudsman is that they examine complaints from outside the institution.

Oppressive

Something that is unfair or harsh, that makes people feel burdened, restricted or mistreated

Outcomes

The result or decision after looking into a complaint, explaining what will happen next, or how the issue will be resolved

Policy

A set of rules or guidelines that direct actions or decisions in different situations

Privacy

Having control over your personal information, including the right to decide who can see, use, and share your information

Racism

Treating someone unfairly because of their race, ethnicity, or where they come from

It can include harassment, abuse, or discrimination, and can happen between people or be part of policies and institutions.

Reasonable adjustments

Changes made by a higher education provider to assist a student with a disability or who is experiencing special circumstances

See ‘special consideration’.

Recommendation

Action the ombudsman formally recommends the higher education provider take to fix an issue or improve a situation under the Ombudsman Act 1976. Recommendations can only be made in a formal report following an investigation, or following a 'closed-loop' referral.

Referral

Sending someone or something to a different person or place for help, information, or action

Regulator

An organisation or government agency that makes sure people and institutions follow laws and regulations

They monitor activities, enforce the rules, and take action if laws and regulations are not complied with.

Resolution

A solution or decision made to fix a problem or address a complaint

Restorative engagement

A voluntary process that brings together a student who has experienced harm with a senior leader from a higher education provider. During this conference, an experienced facilitator will:

  • create a safe and respectful space where the student care share their experience openly and in a way that is comfortable for them
  • support a genuine acknowledgment of harm from the provider representative
  • embed trauma informed principles throughout the process, ensuring student choice and empowerment at every stage

Service standards

Guidelines that outline the quality of customer service an organisation should provide

Special consideration

One-time changes to exams or assignments when a student faces unexpected problems, like illness, injury, or personal hardships

See 'reasonable adjustments'.

Trauma informed

Understanding, recognising, and responding to the effects of trauma to promote safety, trust, and empowerment

Unjust

Something that is unfair or not right

Unsatisfied

Not feeling happy with something or your needs not being met

Vocational

Skills, training or work that prepares someone for a specific job or career

Welfare

A person’s overall wellbeing, including physical, mental and emotional health

Witness

A person who sees something happen, like an event or a crime



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